1. Mamiriro makuru eiyo nzira yekuongorora hwaro hwekuvaka simbi chimiro indasitiri
★ GB 50661
★ AWS D1.1
★ Eurocode
Welding maitiro bvunzo (TS EN ISO 15614): Nzira yewelding uye yekuyedza yakajairwa bvunzo pani kuti uone maitirwo ewelding.
Muedzo welding zvinobatika (EN ISO 15610): Nzira yekuona maitirwo ewelding nekuyedza welding zvinodyiwa.
Yakapfuura Welding Experience (EN SIO 15611): Nzira yekuwana welding process kuburikidza nekuratidzira kwekare kunogutsa kunogutsa kugona.
Yakajairika welding maitiro (EN ISO 15612): Nzira yekuwana maitirwo ewelding uchishandisa yakajairwa welding maitiro ekutemerwa.
Pre-kugadzirwa welding bvunzo (EN ISO 15613:) Nzira yekuona iyo welding maitiro nepre-kugadzirwa welding bvunzo.
TS EN ISO 9018 Kuparadza kuyedzwa kwema welds mune esimbi zvinhu: Tensile kuyedzwa kwemuchinjiko nemakumbo majoini.
★ JIS JASS6
2. Izvo zvikuru zviri mukati uye maitiro ega ega ega system specification process evaluation
2.1 Izvo zvirimo uye maitiro eGB50661 maitiro ekuongorora maitiro
(1) Iyo mirau inojekesa chiyero chewelding process qualification inofanirwa kuitwa, uye kutsiva iyo mitemo yewelding process qualification;
(2) Iyo welding process test chidimbu inofanirwa kusungirirwa nevashandi vane hunyanzvi hwekushongedza mubhizinesi rekuvaka;
(3 Nheyo yesimbi yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina maererano nechiyero chesimba;
(4) Fomu yakabatanidzwa yefomu uye bvunzo yekugadzirira sampuli;
(5) Kusunungurwa kubva kune zvakagadziriswa zvechikamu chekuongorora:
①Nzira dzeWelding uye zvinzvimbo zvewelding zvinoregererwa kubva pakukodzera
②Kuregererwa hwaro hwesimbi/yekuzadza simbi musanganiswa
③Minimum preheating tembiricha uye tembiricha yepakati
④Weld size
⑤ Welding process parameters
⑥ Welding chimiro chekubatana
(6) Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveiyi dhipatimendi, welding bvunzo zvidimbu, kucheka samples, uye mayuniti ekuyedza ane certification yedhipatimendi renyika yehunyanzvi uye yemhando yepamusoro ichaita bvunzo uye kuyedza.
Features
(7) Welding maitiro ekufanirwa kunofanirwa kuongororwa zvakasiyana kune dzakasiyana nzira dzewelding uye zvinzvimbo zvewelding;
(8) Longitudinal bending specimens hazvitaurwi mumitemo yekukotama yekuyedza, uye makatsemuka anoonekwa pamakona haabatwa zvakasiyana muyero yekukodzera;
(9) Iko hakuna gadziriro ye macroscopic metallographic test yebutt test plate.
2.2 Zvirimo uye hunhu hweEN yakajairwa maitiro evaluation yakatarwa
(1) Iyo base metal grouping (EN 15608) haina kuunganidzwa neimwe nzira yekumisikidzwa kwezvinhu, asi yakarongedzwa nemakemikari kuumbwa, simba uye mamiriro ekupa, kuitira kuti masimbi anobva kunyika dzakasiyana akwanise kuverengerwa muboka iri muhurongwa, kufukidzwa kwemapoka ezvinyorwa kwakawedzerwa.
(2) Nzira dzekuongorora maitiro dzinosanganisira: EN ISO 15614, EN ISO 15610, EN ISO 15611, EN ISO 15612, EN ISO 15613 Vashandisi vanogona kusarudza nzira yakakodzera zvinoenderana nemamiriro avo ega kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvinotsanangurwa.
(3) Iyo yakatarwa (EN ISO 15614-1) inoshanda kune welding maitiro ekuongorora nzira yekuongorora yearc welding yezvivakwa zvesimbi ine zvinotevera hunhu:
① Maitiro ekufanirwa uye welder qualification;
② Kuongorora uye kupupura kwemaitiro ekufanirwa bvunzo;
③Standard test board
④ Kuvharwa kwenzvimbo yewelding
⑤ Zvinhu zvekuongorora maitiro: kuongorora kwekuona, RT kana UT, kuongorora kwepamusoro (PT kana MT), kugadzikana, kupfugama, kuoma, kukanganisa uye macroscopic metallographic test;
⑥ Zvinodiwa pakukotama bvunzo
⑦ Sampling chinzvimbo uye hunhu hwemaitiro emhedzisiro sampuli
2.3 AWSD1.1 yakajairwa maitiro ekuongorora zvirevo zvemukati uye maitiro
(1) Zvirambidzo paWPS kuregererwa kubva pakuongorora:
① Welding nzira
② Base simbi / filler simbi musanganiswa
③ Minimum preheat tembiricha uye interpass tembiricha
④ Kuganhurirwa kweWPS Variants
⑤ Kugumira kwehukuru hwekubatana uye kushivirira
⑥ Fillet weld
⑦ Post-weld kupisa kurapwa
(2) Zvinodiwa zveWPS zvakasunungurwa kubva pakuongorora:
① General zvinodiwa
② Zvinodiwa zvakakosha
(2) Izvo zvinotsanangurwa hazvidi zvikwaniriso zveve welders vanoita welding process qualification operations;
(3) Nheyo yesimbi inogadziriswa maererano neASTM, ABS uye API tsanangudzo;
(4) Maitirwo ewelding anogona kuregererwa kubva pakukodzera anotsanangurwa uye zvakatsanangurwa zvimisikidzo zvinogadzirwa, uye masimbi ekutanga eexempted qualification maitiro anogumira kune ayo akanyorwa mune yakatarwa;
(5) Welding maitiro ekufanirwa kunofanirwa kuongororwa zvakasiyana kune dzakasiyana nzira dzewelding.Pakati pavo, GMAW inotaurawo chimiro chekutumira madonhwe.Zviri pachena kuti GMAW-S yepfupi-circuit transfer inzira yakazvimiririra welding uye inoda kuongororwa zvakasiyana, iyo inopindirana neiyo EN kutsanangurwa;
(6) Kufukidzwa kwenzvimbo yewelding inotsanangurwawo zvakajeka mukugadzirisa, iyo yakaoma kudarika EN tsanangudzo;
(7) Chimiro chejojo fomu uye bvunzo yekugadzirira sampuli;
3. Ndezvipi zvikamu zvekufanirwa mune welding process?
Chitsauko 4 cheAWSD1.1: 2015 chinosanganisira maitiro maviri ekuisa welding, "exemption" uye "qualification" maitiro;chitsauko ichi chinosanganisirawo hunhu hwakakodzera hunodiwa kune mawelder, welding operators uye spot welder.Maererano neAWS D1.1: 2015 Chitsauko 3 pamusoro pe "Exemption Procedus", mumusangano wekuregererwa, hapana chikonzero chekuedza maitiro ekugadzirisa mapurojekiti chaiwo.Zvisinei, AWS D1.1:2015 Chikamu 4.19 inotaura kuti kutsauka kwakafukidzwa muchikamu chino kunofanira kuongororwa nemaitirwo emagetsi.Kuyedza nzira yewelding inotora nguva uye inodhura.Kana majoini akashongedzwa epurojekiti yapfuura akaedzwa, kana majoini akafanana akasungwa achionekwa mupurojekiti nyowani, majoini achangobva kubuda anoda kuongororwa zvakare.Saizvozvo, magwaro ekondirakiti dzimwe nguva anotsanangura kuti kuita zvisina tsarukano nzira dzekuregera dzevanyanzvi vewelding zvinogona kuwedzera mutengo weiyo yese yekuvaka welding process.AWS D1.1: 2015 Chikamu 4.19 chinoti: Zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvakanyorwa zvinoratidza kuti qualification-exempt joint welding procedures inogamuchirwa pasina kudzokororwa kufanirwa.Uye zvakare, humbowo hwakanyorwa hwekuregererwa kubva kune qualification kune welders, welding operators, uye spot welders zvinogamuchirwa pasina kudzokororwa qualification, kunze kwekunge magwaro akadaro akanyorwa akatsanangurwa muAWS D1.1:2015 Chikamu 4.24.mukati menguva yakatarwa yechokwadi
4. Zvinodiwa zvega yega sisitimu yakatarwa ye process qualification test
4.1 GB50661 Zvinodiwa zveMaitiro Ekuongorora Kuongorora Zvinhu
4.2 Zvinodiwa zveEN zviyero zve process qualification test zvinhu
4.3 AWS Yakajairwa Zvinodiwa zveMaitiro Ekuongorora Mayedzo Zvinhu
4.4 Kuenzanisa kweakasiyana maratidziro ekuita bvunzo zvinodiwa
Edzai purojekiti kuenzanisa
Bend test kuenzanisa
Impact test kuenzanisa
4.5 Welding maitiro ekufanirwa kufukidzwa
Ukobvu hwechikamu chekuyedza chinokodzera kuongororwa kweGB uye ukobvu hunoshanda kupurojekiti
(1) Kune mapaipi ane dhayamita yekunze isingasviki 600mm, iyo dhayamita yekuvhara haifanirwe kunge iri pasi peiyo dhayamita yekunze yemapombi ekuongorora maitiro;
Pamapombi ane dhayamita rekunze re ≥600mm, kuvharika kwedhayamita kwakakura kudarika kana kuenzana ne600mm.
(2) Iyo welding maitiro ekukodzera kune butt majoini emahwendefa nemapombi ane dhayamita rekunze risingasviki 600mm inogona kutsiviwa kune imwe neimwe.
(3) Mhedzisiro yemhedzisiro yenzvimbo yakachinjika welding inogona kutsiva iyo flat welding chinzvimbo, asi kwete zvinopesana (kunze kwekunge stud welding).Vertical and vertical welding positions uye
Zvimwe zvinzvimbo zvewelding hazvichinjike.
(4) One-sided welding yakazara kupinda majoini ane backing plate uye hapana backing plate haichinjike;
Interchangeable;mapedhi emhando dzakasiyana haachinjiki.
ISO EN ongororo inovhara inokwanisa sampuli ukobvu uye huinjiniya hunoshanda ukobvu
AWS ongororo inovhara inokwanisa sampuli ukobvu uye engineering inoshanda ukobvu
4.6 Shanduko mune welding maitiro ekukodzera paramita uye kuenzanisa yekuongororazve zvinodiwa.
5. Kuganhurirwa nguva yekufanirwa kwewelding process
Segwaro rakakosha rinotungamira rebasa rewelding, kukosha kwekuita welding maitiro kunooneka.Zvisinei nechero purojekiti uye kuitwa kwechero mwero, iyo welding process qualification inofanirwa kuendeswa kumuridzi kana injinjiniya anotungamira kuti aongororwe uye atenderwe pamberi pekutanga kweprojekiti welding basa.Sezvo iyo welding maitiro ekuongorora anosanganisira test plate welding, mechanika (kemikari) performance test, kuburitsa mushumo, chapupu chekutarisa uye zvimwe zvinongedzo, mutengo wakakwira zvakati.Sebhizimusi rakanyatsosimbiswa, kuchave nedhatabhesi yemaitiro ekugadzira welding.Pamberi pekutanga kwepurojekiti nyowani, maitiro akakodzera anozosarudzwa kubva mudhatabhesi zvichienderana neiyo purojekiti ukobvu hweplate, base simbi, welding consumables uye zvimwe zvinhu kuderedza mutengo uye kuchengetedza mari.nguva.Kazhinji mainjiniya haacherechedze iyo nguva yechokwadi yekuongororwa kwemaitiro, izvo zvinoita kuti ongororo yakatumirwa ipere uye inonoke kuendesa zvinhu.
Iri bepa rinounza iyo yechokwadi nguva yewelding maitiro ekufanirwa kwemazinga akasiyana.
1. American Standard – AWS D 1.1
The American Standard inotaura kuti yekutanga vhezheni yemaitiro ekufanirwa ndeyechokwadi uye haina muganhu wenguva.
2. European Standard - EN 1090-2
1.1 Nguva yekupinda 1-3 makore
Material mamakisi akakwira kupfuura S355 inoda inoenderana workpiece bvunzo kuti ionekwe.Miedzo uye ongororo dzinosanganisira chitarisiko, radiographic kana ultrasonic, magineti particle kana kupinza, macroscopic metallography uye kuoma.
1.2 Kupindirana kweanopfuura makore matatu
a) Kune simbi dzeS355 uye pazasi, sarudza iyo macroscopic metallography yekuyedza.
b) Nesimbi iri pamusoro peS355, ongorora zvakare.
3. National Standard - GB 50661
Kunze kwemajoini anogona kuregererwa kubva pakuongororwa, nguva yechokwadi ndeye makore mashanu ekugadzirwa kwesimbi mapurojekiti ekuomesa magiredhi A, B uye C. Pamapurojekiti ekugadzira simbi ane dambudziko rekushongedza D, iyo welding process yekuongorora ichaitwa. maererano neprojekti.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-06-2022